Iron homeostasis,ferroptosis,and cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in humans today.Maintenance of the structure and homeostasis of the cardiovascular system by mammalian cardiac and vascular cells makes cellular death crucial for the development of cardiac and vascular homeostasis.Ferroptosis is a regulatory form of cell death based on iron-driven lipid peroxidation mechanisms,widely involved in stress-induced cell death in cardiac and vascular cells.Under the catalysis of iron,disruption of lipid hydroperoxide metabolism within cells leads to inactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4,thereby disrupting oxidation-reduction homeostasis and ultimately triggering cell death.Metabolism of amino acids,iron,lipids,and related pathways are considered specific biomarkers for ferroptosis.Ferroptosis plays an important role in the pathophysiological processes of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis,aortic dissection,aneurysms,ischemia-reperfusion,ischemic stroke,heart failure,myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury,cardiomyopathy,pulmonary hypertension,calcific vascular disease,and valvular diseases.
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