Causal relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and deep vein thrombosis:A Mendelian randomization study
Objective:Observational studies have indicated an association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and deep vein thrombosis(DVT),but the causal relationship between them remains unclear.This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between COPD and DVT using the two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)approach.Methods:Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)information from publicly available genome-wide association study(GWAS)databases was obtained for 2 samples.Suitable SNPs were selected as instrumental variables.The inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method was used as the primary method for estimating causal effects,with MR-Egger regression and the weighted median(WM)method as supplementary methods.Cochran Q and Rucker Q were used for heterogeneity testing,MR-PRESSO for outlier detection and removal,MR-Egger intercept for pleiotropy testing,and"leave-one-out"analysis for sensitivity testing to verify the stability and reliability of the results.Results:The IVW model showed a significant positive correlation between COPD and DVT(OR=1.380,95%CI 1.141 to 1.668,P=0.001).The WM model also supported a positive causal relationship between COPD and DVT(OR=1.311,95%CI 1.019 to 1.686,P=0.035).This association remained significant after adjusting for smoking and physical activity(OR=1.308,95%CI 1.098 to 1.557,P=0.003).No heterogeneity was detected by Cochran Q and Rucker Q,no pleiotropy by MR-Egger,and no outliers by MR-PRESSO.The"leave-one-out"sensitivity analysis indicated robust results.Reverse MR analysis showed no causal relationship between DVT and COPD.Conclusion:COPD increases the risk of developing DVT.
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