Perinatal brain injury(PBI)is a leading cause of infant mortality and childhood disability.In most cases,central nervous system damage in children with PBI is primarily due to chorioamnionitis(CHORIO),which affects placental permeability and blood flow,serving as a common independent risk factor for brain injury in both full-term and preterm infants.Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles,40-160 nm in diameter,capable of carrying various bioactive substances and facilitating intercellular communication.Studies have shown that exosomes from different cell sources have distinct biological functions.As important mediators of maternal-fetal communication,exosomes may aid in repairing brain injury through immune regulation,inflammation suppression,promotion of angiogenesis and myelination,and establishment of a placental defense barrier.They hold therapeutic potential in brain injury and neurodevelopmental disorders.This review explores the pathological mechanisms and potential therapeutic roles of exosomes in PBI,aiming to provide effective treatment strategies for clinical PBI.
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