摘要
糖皮质激素(glucocorticoid,GC)被广泛用于炎症性疾病的治疗,效果显著,但同时伴随一系列不良反应,包括免疫抑制、骨质疏松(osteoporosis)、高血糖(hyperglycemia)、高血压(hypertension)、精神认知问题及消化系统疾病等.通过定期监测患者生理指标和症状,动态调整用药剂量;合理饮食管理、骨密度监测、血压监控亦是预防不良反应的关键部分;替代治疗可降低患者对GC的依赖;基因分析、个体化治疗有望进一步优化GC疗效.现综述GC临床常见不良反应,通过深入了解其机制,探讨预防策略,最大程度提高用药安全性和有效性.
Abstract
Glucocorticoid(GC)has been widely used to treat inflammatory diseases,with significant therapeutic effects,but accompanied by a series of adverse reactions,including immunosuppression,osteoporosis,hyperglycemia,hypertension,cognitive problems,and digestive system diseases.By regularly monitoring the patients'physiological indicators and symptoms,the dosage of GC can be dynamically adjusted.Rational dietary management,bone density monitoring,and blood pressure monitoring are also key components to prevent adverse reactions.Alternative therapy can reduce patients'dependence on GC.Gene analysis and personalized therapy are expected to further optimize the efficacy of GC.This article reviewed the common adverse reactions of GC in clinical practice,explored prevention strategies through in-depth understanding of its mechanisms,to maximize the safety and efficacy of medication.
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