Current status and needs of carbohydrate counting dietary health education for primary caregivers of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Objective To investigate the current status and needs of carbohydrate counting(CHO)dietary health education for pri-mary caregivers of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM),and provide a reference for promoting dietary management of pe-diatric T1DM.Methods Convenience sampling was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 318 primary caregivers of T1DM children at Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from August to October 2022.A self-designed questionnaire was used for the survey.Statistical methods included t-test,one-way analysis of variance,and multiple linear regression analysis with variables with P<0.05 included in the model for statistical significance.Results A total of 318 primary caregivers were surveyed,with the majority of children aged 7-12 years(42.8%),female(50.3%),and living in rural areas(60.4%).First-diagnosed T1DM children accounted for 75.8%of the cases,and 22.3%of the caregivers adopted CHO dietary management methods.Self-payment was the main method of fee payment,accounting for 54.4%.The survey results showed that 248(78.0%)respondents were aware of CHO,with the following sources of awareness:medical staff(206,83.1%),relevant health education manuals and books(110,44.4%),online media promotion(53,21.4%),and family members or friends(46,18.5%).A total of 210(66.0%)primary caregivers had received CHO dietary health education The total score of CHO dietary knowledge,attitude,and practice(KAP)for the 210 respondents was(29.62±3.97)points,with knowledge score of(1.78±1.31)points,attitude score of(12.90±1.73)points,and practice score of(14.95±2.67)points.The results of the one-way analysis of variance showed statisti-cally significant differences in the subscale and total scores of CHO dietary KAP among different variables,including glycated hemo-globin and different primary caregivers(P<0.05).Statistically significant differences were also found in knowledge scores among different variables,including duration of illness and dietary management methods(P<0.05).Furthermore,statistically significant differences were noted in the total score and knowledge subscale scores of CHO dietary KAP among different dietary management methods(P<0.05).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that glycated hemoglobin and primary caregivers were influencing factors of CHO dietary KAP scores(P<0.05).Conclusion Primary caregivers of children with T1DM have in-sufficient knowledge of CHO,but have a strong acceptance and willingness to practice it.The CHO dietary KAP level remains higher in children with glycated hemoglobin less than 7.5%and primary caregivers who are parents.Primary caregivers face chal-lenges in understanding CHO due to the complex calculation process,difficulty in practical application,and limited understanding a-bility.Department managers should meet the dietary health education needs of primary caregivers by establishing a diversified health education system based on the needs of primary caregivers,under the guidance of diabetes specialists,specialized nurses,and nutri-tionists,in order to potentiate the dietary management level of primary caregivers of children with diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes mellitusChildrenCarbohydrate countingPrimary caregiversHealth education
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