《崇祯历书》与《晓庵新法》月食算法误差的比较与分析
Comparison and Analysis of the Errors between the Lunar Eclipse Calculation Methods in the Chongzhen Lishu and Xiao'an Xinfa
纪辰1
作者信息
- 1. 中国科学技术大学 科技史与科技考古系,安徽 合肥 230026
- 折叠
摘要
在明末基于欧洲天文学编纂的《崇祯历书》中,交食算法是后来清初学者研习西法时的重要内容.文章以《崇祯历书》和清初代表性学者王锡阐基于西法所著的《晓庵新法》中的月食算法为研究对象,基于二者算法编写计算机程序,计算了崇祯改历后百年内的月食,并与现代理论值进行比较.结果表明,《晓庵新法》月食食分和食甚的误差均超过了《崇祯历书》,没有达到王锡阐基于西法"去其疵类"的目的,但二者精度均优于《大统历》和《回回历法》.之后,考察了二者月食算法误差的构成和来源,对《晓庵新法》算法误差大于《崇祯历书》的原因进行了分析,并由此发现了《晓庵新法》真正的里差之元经度可能是北京,而非该书所声称的南京.
Abstract
In the Chongzhen Lishu(Chongzhen Reign Treatises on Calendrical Astronomy),which was compiled based on European astronomy in the late Ming Dynasty,the calculating method of eclipses was of great importance and complexity,and became an crucial content for later scholars who studied Western methods during the early Qing Dynasty.This article focuses on the calculating methods of lunar eclipses in the Xiao'an Xinfa(New Methods of Xiao'an)written by the representative scholar named Wang Xichan and the Chongzhen Lishu.Based on the calculating methods of both,a computer program is used to calculate lunar eclipses within a century after the Chongzhen calendar reform.The comparison between them and modern theoretical values shows that the long-term errors of either the lunar eclipse magnitude or timing obtained by the lunar eclipse calculating method in the Xiao'an Xinfa is higher than that by the Chongzhen Lishu,which means that Wang Xicha did not achieve the goal of"removing defects"of Western methods.Nevertheless,the accuracy of both calculating methos is better than that of the Datong Li(Datong Calendar)and Huihui Lifa(Chinese-Islamic System of Calendrical Astronomy).Afterwards,the composition and sources of the errors of the lunar eclipse calculating methods in both works are examined,and the reasons why the lunar eclipse calculating method in the Xiao'an Xinfa has greater errors than that in the Chongzhen Lishu are analyzed.During the analysis,it is also found that Beijing,rather than Nanjing as claimed in the Xiao'an Xinfa,is likely the real starting position of the longitude.
关键词
《崇祯历书》/《晓庵新法》/月食/算法/误差/明末清初Key words
Chongzhen Lishu/Xiao'an Xinfa/Lunar eclipses/Calculating method/Error/Late Ming and early Qing引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社会科学基金冷门绝学项目(22VJXG014)
中国科学技术大学2023年青年创新基金项目(WK2110000027)
出版年
2024
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据