Accident Prevention Analysis of Large-scale Amusement Facilities Based on FTA-AHP-TOPSIS
蒋建平 1刘晓妍2
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作者信息
1. 广西安全工程职业技术学院,广西 南宁 530100
2. 广西大学 资源环境与材料学院,广西 南宁 530004
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摘要
为进一步提高大型游乐设施使用安全性,以大型游乐设施事故为研究对象,提出了融合故障树分析法(Fault Tree Analysis,FTA)、层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)和逼近理想解决策方法(Technique for Order Preference by Similari-ty to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)的事故预防方案决策分析.定性定量地分析了大型游乐设施事故危险因素的影响程度,量化了事故预防措施方案以及决策过程.结果表明,在摩天轮坠落事故中,基本事件X3维修保养不到位和X4检查不到位对事故发生的影响程度最高,二者均属于安全制度因素.急需优先采取的事故预防方案为方案6,包括避免乘客和操作人员不安全行为,应对室外不利环境,完善安全制度和提高应急救援能力等措施.
Abstract
In order to further improve the safety of large-scale amusement facilities,a method combining with the fault tree analysis(FTA),analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)was proposed to analyze the accident prevention scheme of large-scale amusement facilities.By utilizing the above method,the influence degree of accident risk factors in large-scale amusement facilities was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.More significantly,the measures of accident prevention and the process of decision-making were quantified.The result of AHP shows that the basic events X3 maintenance is not in place and X4 inspection is not in place have the highest impact on the fall accident of the Ferris wheel.Both of the basic events belong to the safety institution factor which is under the part of management.The result of TOPSIS shows that the accident prevention scheme that the most urgently to be adopted is Scheme 6.The scheme includes measures to avoid unsafe behavior of passengers and operators,to cope with unfavorable outdoor environments,to improve the safety institution,and to improve emergency rescue capability.
关键词
大型游乐设施/事故防范对策/事故树分析/层次分析法/逼近理想解
Key words
Amusement facility/Accident prevention measure/Fault tree analysis/Analytic hierarchy process/Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solutio
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