摘要
[目的]充分挖掘凉山州特异油茶资源,加快凉山州油茶良种选育进程.[方法]对凉山州 8 株野生油茶的果实性状、经济性状及脂肪酸组成进行测定.[结果]8 株野生油茶鲜果单果质量为 8.29～15.30 g,果实呈卵形或球形,果皮较薄;鲜出籽率为 38.96%～45.25%,干出籽率为 26.57%～29.59%,干籽出仁率为 63.15%～76.49%,种仁含油率为48.87%～55.63%,鲜果含油率为 9.66%～11.35%;脂肪酸以棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、十七烷酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、顺-11-二十碳烯酸为主,不饱和脂肪酸含量在 80%以上.[结论]凉山州油茶油脂含量表现较为突出,可为高油品种选育提供良好的遗传资源.DC10、DC18、DC19、DC21、YL12、HL20、HL26 的整体性状特征表现较好,可作为良种培育的候选种质.
Abstract
Abstrct:[Objective]This study was conducted to fully explore the exotic Camellia oleifera Abel resources and accelerate the breeding process of Camellia oleifera Abel in Liangshan Yi Au-tonomous Prefecture.[Method]The fruiting characters,economic characters and fatty acid compo-sition were determined for 8 collections of wild Camellia oleifera Abel in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture.[Result]The results showed that the fresh fruit weight per fruit in 8 collections of Ca-mellia oleifera Abel ranged from 8.29 g～15.30 g,the fruit shape was ovoid or globular,and the peri-carp was relatively thin.The fresh seed rate ranged from 38.96%～45.25%,the dry seed rate ranged from 26.57%～29.59%,and the dry seed kernel rate ranged from 63.15%～76.49%,the kernel oil content ranged from 48.87%～55.63%,and the oil content of fresh fruit ranged from 9.66%to 11.35%.Fatty acid was mainly composed of palmitic acid,palmitoleic acid,heptadecanoic acid,stea-ric acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid and cis-11-eicosenoic acid,and the content of unsaturated fatty acid was more than 80%.[Conclusion]The oil content of Camellia oleifera Abel in Liangshan Yi Au-tonomous Prefecture was outstanding,which could provide elite genetic resources for breeding of va-rieties with high oil content.DC10,DC18,DC19,DC21,YL12,HL20 and HL26 had more promi-nent overall characters and could be regard as candidate germplasm for breeding of elite varieties.
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