摘要
园林景观除了山石花木建筑等实景外,还包括表达人生态度与心灵境界的园境,士人主要通过景观建构和玩赏,结合诗文书写的诠释赋义等手段来开掘园境.文学书写不仅客观呈现、具体还原了现实的园林景观,更深度参与了景观的文本建构和价值赋予,使其变成了文本化的景观.北宋士人园林中景观建构的文学书写,主要体现为题名释义和联章赋咏,以及着眼于"游于无穷"的精神体验达到"壶中境界宽"的园境开掘.结合北宋的政治文化背景,韩琦众春园、司马光独乐园、朱长文乐圃代表了三类典型的士人园林,文学书写中所展现的园林性质和景观特征也各有差异.从文学的角度解读这些文本化的景观,不仅可以丰富对园林景观艺术的理解,也可以加深对园林与文学关系的认识.
Abstract
The concept of landscapeencompasses not onlytangiblescenerysuch asmountains,rocks,flowers,plants,and artificial buildings,but also contains the realm of gardens that representing intellectuals'attitudes toward life and their spiritual worlds.Intellectuals primarily explored these gardens through landscape construction and appreciation,accompanied by literary writing for textual interpretation and imbuing them with meaning.Literary writings not only objectively presented and vividly restored the real landscapes of gardens but also turned them into textual construction and attributed values,transforming them into textualized landscapes.Intellectuals'literary writings in the Northern Song Dynasty are mainly manifested in naming and explanation of their gardens,sometimes through consecutive poetry writing,more often condensed into the literary theme of infinitely mind roaming through the realm of garden.Against the political and cultural background of the Northern Song Dynasty,Han Qi's Zhongchun Park,Sima Guang's Dule Park and Zhu Changwen's Joyful Parkrepresent three classic intellectuals'gardens,each displaying distinct landscape constructions in their literary writings.Interpretation on the literary writing from a literary perspective not only can contribute to understand the art of landscape architecture,but also would deepenour comprehension of the relationship between intellectuals'garden and ancient literature.
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