自然艺术之礼——"天"在《荀子》中的角色
Chapter VI Ritual as A Natural Art:The Role of Tian in Xunzi
Robert Eno 金雨薇 李记芬
摘要
《荀子·天论》至少包含三种不同的天论.首先,天为无目的、无规范性的自然之天.这种理论与自然化观点相呼应,后者主张作为自然的天不可能是伦理规则的来源,伦理规则只能是在非自然的礼中找到.其次,天是有明确规范性的自然.这一理论把天看作是人制作伦理区分和创作礼序能力的自然之根.在回应自然主义的挑战方面与之前的理论不同,它采取的方式是,试图将人类礼仪与前人类形式的生物性相调和,后者对自然主义而言,必定是人类价值的终极来源.最后,"天"的使用并非在自然意义上,存在一种如上帝、命运或礼之序的直接根据的内涵.《荀子》,如同其它早期儒家文本一样,并非意在形成一贯的形上哲学理论.有关天的所有探讨,天都不是重点,主要意图是礼的合法化.不管天是被描绘为无目的的自然、规范性的自然力量、命运、还是有目的的神,它的工具性作用都是一样的:将礼仪形式、礼之学习、和礼仪社会合法化.
Abstract
Xunzi embraces at least three different theories of tian.Firstly,the portrait of tian as nonpurposive,non-normative Nature.This theory responds to naturalistic ideas by claiming that Tian-as-Nature cannot be a source of ethical standards.Such standards must be sought in non-natural li.Secondly,a portrait of Tian as Nature endowed with a clear,normative dimension.It answers the challenge of naturalism in a manner different from the preceding theory,in that it seeks to reconcile human ritual with the pre-human forms of biological Nature with,for naturalism,must be the ultimate source of human value.Thirdly,usages of"Tian"in senses other than Nature,which indicate the persistence in the Xunzi of notions of Tian as god,as fate,or as the direct basis of ritual order-notions.Xunzi is not primarily concerned with the philosophical task of formulating consistent metaphysical theory.For all its discussions of Tian,Tian is not the point.The primary concern is the legitimization of li,and the instrumental significance of all instances of tian in the text is consistent,in that all serve the basic function of aiding the text in the task of legitimizing ritual forms and practice.The overriding point about the role of Tian in the Xunzi is that regardless of whether Tian is pictured as nonpurposive Nature,as a normative natural force as fate,or as a purposive deity,its instrumental function remains always the same_to legitimize ritual forms,ritual study,and ritual society.
关键词
天/自然/无目的的自然/规范性心理/相参/历史力引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
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