摘要
本文对2003年陕西眉县杨家村窖藏单叔铜鬲的自名"(交)"进行了重新讨论.首先,通过比对甲金文中"犬"和"豕"的区别,论述了该自名应当从"豕",继而证明"器"说不可信;继而分析该自名字形,赞同读为"彖"的基本观点,其本义是捆缚豕牲以祭祀;整理古文字中"彝"字所从的牺牲形体,证明"彝"字不一定是奉鸡以祭,而可以是人牲、犬豕之类,兼论及了商、周人牲制度的差异;最后得出"彖"用为单叔鬲自名是"彝"的省形的结论,并以古音证据作为佐证.
Abstract
This paper re-examines the Self-naming of Shan-fu Li discovered in the 2003 Yangjiacun hoard in Mei County,Shaanxi Province.Firstly,by comparing the differences between the characters for"dog 犬"and"pig 豕"in oracle bone and bronze inscriptions,it is argued that the self-naming should derive from"pig豕",thereby disproving the'vessel'(器)theory.Next,the paper analyzes the form of the character,supporting the basic view that it should be read as'tuan'(彖),which originally meant binding a pig for sacrifice.Additionally,the paper examines the sacrificial forms associated with the character"Yi彝"in ancient scripts,demonstrating that Yi does not necessarily imply offering birds in sacrifice but can also include human,dog,or pig sacrifices,and discusses the differences in human sacrifice practices between the Shang and Zhou dynasties.Finally,the conclusion is drawn that"tuan彖"used as the self-naming of Shan-Shu Li is an abbreviation of"yi彝",supported by evidence from ancient phonology.
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