摘要
早期神话遗失的过程通常被称作"神话史实化"或"神话史实说".然而,《尧典》的共工与洪水故事展现出中国独特的"颠倒的神话史实说",因为没有任何中国神话可以被称作被遗忘了的中国历史,只有一部被假定保存完好的古代中国历史.中国独特的"颠倒的神话史实说"的真正重要之处并不在于历史是否变成了神话,或者神话是否变成了历史,而是在于历史与神话之间的区别已被抹除,缘此,神人之间的区隔也已消失.这正是古代中国宗教和神话的特征,应当引起我们高度注意.
Abstract
The process whereby the early myths were lost is generally referred to as"euhemerization"or"euhemerism".However,the story of Kung Kung and the flood in Yao Tien demonstrates China's unique"reverse euhemerism",because there is no Chinese mythology that we can claim is forgotten Chinese history,and there is only a richly pre-served putative ancient Chinese history.The real importance of China's"reverse euhemerism"is not whether history becomes myth,or myth becomes history.Rather,the real importance is that the distinction between the two,and hence between gods and men,has been obliterated.This is exactly the feature of archaic Chinese religion and myth that should command our attention.
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