摘要
《系辞》云:"举而错之天下之民谓之事业",就道器关系而言,通过大道运行、天地交感、四季运行,让万物得以生长、万民得以生养.圣人探求易道变化规律,效法天地无为简约、化生万物的基本原理,将《周易》中道、器、变、通的道理融合为一,形成治理、服务天下之民的举措,设定一套治理家国天下的理念和运行机制来造福万民,是《周易》民本思想的核心命题.无私合道的圣人治理天下,只是一个理想化的模型,《易传》提出损上益下、节制管理层过度膨胀的私欲等理念,对保民与养民具有更强烈的现实意义.随着《周易》德义化、理性化体系的建构与逐步完善,《易传》虽强调卜筮之道在"济民"中的作用,但在"善易不占"思想确立后,其影响逐渐被淡化."制器尚象"说强调技术发明、市场贸易对民生的作用,有其积极意义,但过度强调圣人制器的历史效应,忽略民众在历史进程中的主体性和创造性,是《易传》民本思想的缺陷之一.
Abstract
XiciZhuan:"to benefit the people of the world with what you do is called acareer."As far as the relationship between Dao(the Way)and Qi(instruments)is concerned,through the operation of the Dao,the interaction between heaven and earth,and the cycle of the four seasons,all things can grow and all people can be nurtured.The sage explores the laws of change in the Yi(Changes),follows the principles of heaven and earth,which are simple and natural,and integrates the Dao,Qi,transformation,and communication from the Book of Changes into one.This forms a set of principles and mechanisms for governing and serving the people,which is the core proposition of the people-oriented thought in the Book of Changes.The selfless governance of the sage is an idealized model.Yi Zhuan emphasizes the importance of reducing the power of the upper class and controlling the excessive expansion of their desires,which has more practical significance for protecting and nurturing the people.As the moral and rational system in the Book of Changes is constructed and gradually improved,although Yi Zhuan emphasizes the role of divination in"helping the people,"its influence is gradually diminished after the establishment of the idea that"the true understanding of the Yi does not rely on divination."The concept of"creating objects in accordance with the image of nature"emphasizes the role of technological invention and market trade in people's livelihoods,which has its positive significance.However,it overemphasizes the historical impact of the sage's creations and overlooks the subjectivity and creativity of the people in the historical process,which is one of the shortcomings of the people-oriented thought in Yi Zhuan.
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