摘要
本文将变调构词的研究成果与方言材料结合起来,考证六个方言词的来源.湘南土话和桂北平话一些方言中义为"作为食品的肉"的词的本字是去声的"炙",不少方言中用在祭祀场合的与"样"同音的语素是去声的"养",山西新绛、万荣和洪洞当"凿磨"讲的语素的本字是平声的"治",苏州、无锡等地当"剩"讲的词的本字是直亮切的"长",艌船的"艌"和山西、陕北、河南北部等地当"麻刀"讲的语素来自去声的"黏",东南方言当"麻丝"讲的语素来自去声的"绩".
Abstract
This paper integrates the study of tone-changing word formation with dialectal materials to investigate the etymologies of six lexical items in Chinese dialects.In some dialects of southern Hunan and northern Guangxi,the word for"meat used as food"originates from the character zhi 炙 in the falling tone.In various dialects,the morpheme pronounced the same as"yvang"样 in sacrificial contexts is derived from the character yang 养 in the falling tone.In Xinjiang,Wanrong,and Hongtong in Shanxi,the morpheme meaning"to chisel"can be traced back to the character zhi 治 in the level tone.In Suzhou,Wuxi,and other areas,the word meaning"to remain"originates from the character chang 长 pronounced with the zhiliang 直亮切 reading.The term nian 艌 in"repairing boats"and the morpheme in Shanxi,northern Shaanxi,and northern Henan dialects referring to"hemp fibers for caulking"derive from nian 黏 in the falling tone.In southeastern dialects,the morpheme for"ramie fibers"originates from the character ji 绩 in the falling tone.
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