Multi-supplier sourcing problems were studied,in which both the dual sourcing and emergency ordering strategies were used by risk-neutral and loss-averse retailers under the supply disruption risk.Retailers first purchased products from reliable and unreliable suppliers for dual sourcing.The unreliable supplier was subject to a random disruption.When a supply disruption occurred,the retailer could place an emergency order from the backup supplier.The optimal order quantities were obtained through backward induction.It was proved that retailers would always order products from the unreliable supplier with a cost advantage.The conditions on whether retailers selected the reliable supplier or emergency order were derived.By comparison,it was shown that loss aversion will inhibit retailers'emergency ordering.Compared to the risk-neutral retailer,the loss-averse retailer will be less willing to place an emergency order or order fewer products in emergency.Finally,numerical experiments were conducted to explore supplier selection and order quantities in different cases.It is found that whether the reliable supplier is selected may be different under risk neutrality and loss aversion.
supply disruptionloss aversiondual sourcingemergency order
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