摘要
汉式家谱于明代在贵州少数民族土司中出现,清雍正至民国年间在贵州少数民族中基本普及,形成一种文化现象.汉式家谱在贵州少数民族中的出现和发展演变,是统治者倡导和推动、土司率先示范,专业谱匠参与的结果,既是对国家层面社会治理和族际整合意图的践行,也反映了各民族交往交流交融的历史事实.少数民族中的汉式家谱是一种外在压力下的家族历史和身份建构,因此其中叙述的历史存在诸多疑点,导致历史价值的减弱,但这种"建构"的过程和结果加强了少数民族的国家认同和中华民族文化认同,从一个侧面反映了中华民族共同文化的形成过程,具有一定的积极意义.加强对家谱编修的理论研究和实践引导,避免家谱编修中的各种弊端,将极大地发挥家谱的历史价值和学术价值,更有助于铸牢中华民族共同体意识,建设各民族共有的精神家园.
Abstract
The phenomenon of Han-style genealogies among minority ethnic groups in Guizhou began in the Ming Dy-nasty with local chieftains and became widespread from the reign of Emperor Yongzheng through to the period of the Re-public of China.This cultural phenomenon resulted from the rulers'advocacy and promotion,the exemplary role of the chieftains,and the involvement of professional genealogists.It reflects both the implementation of state-level social governance and ethnic integration policies,as well as the historical reality of interactions and integrations among various ethnic groups.The presence and evolution of Han-style genealogies in minority ethnic communities represent a con-struction of family history and identity under external pressures.This has led to numerous historical ambiguities within the narratives,diminishing their historical value.However,the process and result of this"construction"have reinforced the national and cultural identity of the minority ethnic groups with the Chinese nation.It reflects,from one aspect,the formation of a common culture for the Chinese nation,which carries a positive significance.Enhancing theoretical re-search and practical guidance on genealogy compilation can prevent potential issues and greatly amplify the historical and academic significance of genealogies.This approach will also contribute to fostering the sense of community for the Chi-nese nation and to building a shared spiritual homeland for all ethnic groups.
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