Viruses are an important part of the aquatic food web and the most abundant non-cellular organisms in the water.Because of a universal marker gene cannot be found in the viral genome,traditional culture techniques and polymerase chain reaction(PCR)method have some limitations in studying the diversity and dynamics of viral communities in the environment.Viral metagenomics provides a more comprehensive and in-depth method for studying viruses in the environment,which can make up for the limitations of traditional techniques.In this paper,the latest research progress on aquatic viruses and viral metagenomics at home and abroad in recent years is reviewed.