摘要
目的 通过研究噪声控制技术及其应用,控制某橡胶制品企业橡胶切片厂房工作场所噪声强度,使其符合卫生标准要求.方法 根据现场噪声危害特性开展调查与分析,应用隔声技术的基本理论,为工作场所噪声源(橡胶切片机)设计一套局部开敞型隔声罩,对隔声罩选材及结构进行细节化设计和声学计算核验,满足要求后组合安装.最后对该工作场所实际隔声效果、噪声强度、劳动者LEX,8h进行效果验证.结果 设计了模块化的组合隔声结构声学控制部件,通过声学计算,该局部开敞型隔声罩的理论隔声量可达到21.4 dB(A),理论上满足该工作场所(橡胶切片厂房)噪声控制的要求.现场组合安装过程有效落实了控制研究中所设计的密封、便于检修等关键技术环节,并实施严格的质量控制,该橡胶切片厂房噪声强度由原有的90.7～102.9 dB(A)控制到83.5～84.5 dB(A),劳动者LEx,8h由原来的97.2 dB(A)控制到81.9 dB(A),工作场所噪声强度及劳动者LEx,8h均满足国家卫生限值要求.结论 通过科学的隔声设计及实施,本次设计的局部开敞型隔声罩可有效控制工作场所噪声强度.
Abstract
Objective By studying noise control technology and its application,we aimed to control the noise intensity of a rubber-slicing workplace in a particular rubber manufacturing enterprise,to meet the hygiene standard requirements.Methods We designed a partially open sound-insulated cover for the noise source(rubber slicer)in the workplace after the characteristics of on-site noise hazards had been investigated and analyzed and the basic theory of sound insulation technology had been applied.The sound-insulated cover was assembled and installed after its material and structure were designed in detail and verified for acoustic calculation to meet the requirements.Finally,the actual sound insulation effect,workplace noise intensity,and 8-hour equivalent sound level for workers were verified.Results A modular acoustics-controlled unit of integrated sound-insulated structure was designed.The sound reduction index could reach 21.4 dB(A)by acoustic calculations,which theoretically met the noise control requirements in the workplace(rubber slicing factory).Key technologies such as sealing and easy maintenance designed in the control research were implemented effectively during the on-site assembly and installation process with strict quality control,making the noise intensity of the rubber slicing factory decrease from the original 90.7-102.9 dB(A)to 83.5-84.5 dB(A)and the worker LEx,8h decrease from the original 97.2 dB(A)to 81.9 dB(A).The workplace noise intensity and worker LEX,8h both meet the national hygiene limit requirements.Conclusion The partially open sound-insulated cover designed in this project can effectively control the noise intensity in the workplace by scientifically designing and implementing the sound insulation.
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