目的 观察13个典型工种的噪声暴露特征分布情况,评估ISO-1999对我国制造业工人永久性听阈位移(Noise-induced permanent threshold shift,NIPTS)的预测效果,为诊断和预防复杂噪声引起的职业性听力损失提供依据.方法 通过横断面调查,选择1404名制造业工人为研究对象,研究听力损失和噪声暴露特征及流行病学分布,分析ISO-1999预测值与NIPTS实测值之间的差异,探究峰度与该差异之间的关系.结果 本次调查的4个行业13个工种的1404名制造业工人中,平均噪声暴露水平为(88.6±6.7)dB(A),平均峰度为(68.9±110.9),噪声性高频听力损失患病率(The prevalence of high frequency noise-induced hearing loss,HFNIHL％)为 35.6％,平均高频噪声性永久性听阈位移(Noise-induced permanent threshold shift at frequencies of 3,4,and 6 kHz,NIPTS346)为(24.2±13.0)dB HL.除织造工和纺纱工,其余各工种ISO-1999预测值与NIPTS实测值差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);对峰度进行分层分析,NIPTS实测值和预测值之间均存在统计学差异(t1=4.801,t2=11.468,t3=13.247,t4=9.498,P＜0.05);不同峰度的低估值之间存在统计学差异(F=5.082,P＜0.05),随峰度的升高而增加.结论 制造业接噪工种分布广泛,高噪声水平、长期暴露和噪声复杂的时域结构是NIHL的风险因素;不同工序噪声源产生独特的随时间变化而变化的噪声时域波形;ISO-1999低估了工人实际的听力损失,低估值随峰度的升高而增加.
Characteristics of noise exposure and the assessment of hearing loss in manufacturing industries
Objective To observe the distribution of noise exposure characteristics of 13 typical industries.To evaluate the prediction effect of ISO-1999 on the permanent hearing threshold shift(NIPTS)of manufacturing workers in China,and to provide evidence for diagnosing and preventing occupational hearing loss caused by complex noise.Methods Through a cross-sectional survey,1,404 manufacturing workers were selected to study the characteristics and epidemiological distribution of hearing loss and noise exposure,and the difference between the ISO-1999 predicted values and the NIPTS measured values was analyzed to explore the relationship between kurtosis and this difference.Results All of the 1 404 manufacturing workers in 13 job types in 4 industries surveyed in this study,the average noise exposure level was(88.6±6.7)dB(A),the average kurtosis was(68.9±110.9),and 35.6％of workers suffered from High Frequency Noise-induced Hearing Loss(HFNIHL),The average Noise-Induced Permanent Threshold Shift at Frequencies of 3,4,and 6 kHz(NIPTS346)is(24.2±13.0)dB HL.The complex noise waveform is significantly different from the Gaussian noise waveform.Except for weaving and spinning,the ISO-1999 predicted values and NIPTS actual values for all types were statistically different(P＜0.05).There was a statistical difference between NIPTS actual and predicted values of different kurtosis(t1=4.801,t2=11.468,t3=13.247,t4=9.498,P＜0.05),and there was a statistical difference between the underestimated of different kurtosis(F=5.082,P＜0.05).Conclusion Manufacturing noise jobs are widely distributed,high noise levels,long-term exposure to noise and complex temporal structure of noise are risk factors for NIHL.ISO-1999 underestimates the actual hearing loss of workers,the underestimation increases with increasing kurtosis.
Complex noiseHigh frequency hearing lossKurtosisManufacturing
万方数据
维普
