"自传"与"回忆录"之辨——基于词源、译介及文化史的考察
A Study of the Differentiation Between "Autobiography"and "Memoir"
张欣1
作者信息
- 1. 暨南大学 外国语学院,广东 广州 510632
- 折叠
摘要
长期以来,学者对"自传"与"回忆录"两个概念的理解各有不同.词源上,"回忆录"在西方出现的时间更早,范畴更广.出于对个人主体的尊崇,西方学界早期迅速将"自传"诗学化,将"回忆录"贬斥为次等话语.从译介的角度看,西方学者对这两个概念的褒贬极大地影响了中国学者对二者的认识.在 20 世纪初的现代化转型期,中国学者对自传的认识高度西化,强调自传中主体人格的建构性.20 世纪中后期,随着"后"学的发展,人们打破传统单一的自我观,追求自我的多元表达以及与公共领域的互动.这带来回忆录书写与研究的复兴.梳理"自传"与"回忆录"的中西方文化史,可以厘清这两个概念,系统地审视自我观在中西方公私领域间不断变化的关系,同时可更深入地挖掘中国独特的传记文学书写经验与理论话语,形成更具有跨文化对话性的诗学命题.
Abstract
Concepts of"autobiography"and"memoir"have long been disputed in academia.This pa-per argues that though with a longer history and a wider scope etymologically as"memoir"is in the West,"autobiography",with the focus on"self",has become a more influential academic discourse for hundreds of years out of Western humanistic spirit and individualistic culture tradition,while"memoir"on the other hand,has been taken as an "inferior"genre.This distinctive construction has also strongly affected Chi-nese scholars'understanding of the two.In the early 20th century,a period of transformation into mod-ernization,understandings of autobiographies in China have been highly "Westernized",emphasizing the subject's personality.It was not until the mid-to-late 20th century,with the development of"post"stud-ies,a collapse of the traditional concept of"self"and a pursuit of individuals'multiple expressions,pro-moted a revival of memoir writing and its research.By conducting detailed research on the distinction be-tween "autobiography"and"memoir",firstly,we can clarify concepts of the two and reexamine the view of"self"within the public and private domain at home and abroad systematically;secondly,it could drive us further researches on China's unique biographical writing,and call for more constructive trans-cultural communications on biographical poetic propositions.
关键词
自传/回忆录/自我/非虚构Key words
autobiography/memoir/self/non-fiction引用本文复制引用
基金项目
浙江省哲学社会科学规划项目(23NDJC209YB)
广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD24CWW01)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据