The"Understanding Dilemma"of Artificial Intelligence and its Solution:From the Perspective of Eastern and Western Cultures
In recent years rapid advances have been made in machine learning model-ing.Nevertheless,big benefits have come along with big risks,of which the technological realization of artificial intelligence(AI)is a major source of risks.From the perspective of explaining AI,this paper discusses the solu-tion to the dilemma,pointing out that we should first of all clarify such con-cepts as intelligence and understanding,and assuming that the goal of intel-ligence is not only a prediction of the future but also an understanding of the world.To understand the world we should have a universally-applicable framework,and compared with statistics-related models the cause-effect model is more interpretative and hence a"deep understanding".This paper discusses the cognitive frameworks for the cause-effect inference,analyzes and compares their pros and cons in interpretation,and holds that the dispo-sition framework is more interpretative,which opens a new path of thinking for solving the"understanding dilemma"of AI.Finally,this research indi-cates that although much progress has been made in the current deep-learning system in terms of prediction accuracy,it is deficient in interpreta-tion,understanding,fairness and reliability.While addressing the complexity of cause-effect issues we should resort to oriental wisdom,particularly In-dian orthodox philosophy regarding the causal phenomena.
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