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轻罪治理图景下前科消灭制度的本土建构

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随着社会转型时期刑法立法上的犯罪化加速,轻微罪名数量开始快速扩张.轻罪化的立法主张存在其合理性,但受制于现存的前科制度,出现了轻罪轻刑但不轻罚的现象,甚至存在"株连"的情形.这种"只做加法,不做减法"的犯罪记录长期存在将会衍生诸多问题.对此,我国轻罪前科消灭制度的构建具有相当的紧迫性,但为充分回应社会公共安全保障之诉求,应当根据犯罪类型、刑罚期限以及行为人类型等条件判断能否适用前科消灭制度.在规范层面,不仅需要对既有的前科报告制度作出调整,以明确前科范围、前科消灭的影响范围以及启动程序,还需及时对其他部门法作出调整,以形成逻辑严谨、结构协调的前科消灭体系.
The Local Construction of A System for the Elimination of Previous Convictions in the Context of Misdemeanour Governance
With the acceleration of criminalisation in criminal law legislation during the period of social transformation,the number of minor offences began to expand rapidly.The rationality of the legislative advocate of minor criminalisation exists,but due to the existing system of previous convictions,the phenomenon of minor crimes and penalties does not exist,and there is even a situation of"guilt by association".The long-term existence of such"additive but not subtractive"criminal records will give rise to many problems.In this regard,the construction of the system of elimination of previous misdemean-ours in China has considerable urgency,but in order to fully respond to the demands of social public security,it should be based on the type of crime,the duration of the penalty and the type of perpetrator and other conditions to determine whether to apply the system of elimination of previous convictions.At the normative level,it is not only necessary to make adjust-ments to the existing prior conviction reporting system to clarify the scope of prior convictions,the scope of influence of the elimination of prior convictions and the initiation procedure,but also to make timely adjustments to other sectoral laws to form a logically rigorous and structurally coordinated system for the elimination of prior convictions.

misdemeanour governanceelimination of previous convictionssealing of criminal recordscriminal labelingtypological thinking

蔡道通、冯明昱

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南京师范大学 法学院,江苏南京 210023

轻罪治理 前科消灭 犯罪记录封存 犯罪标签 类型化思维

国家社会科学基金江苏省研究生科研创新项目(2023)

21BFX175KYCX23_1541

2024

贵州师范大学学报(社会科学版)
贵州师范大学

贵州师范大学学报(社会科学版)

CHSSCD
影响因子:0.261
ISSN:1001-733X
年,卷(期):2024.(3)
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