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中国农作物种子进出口贸易现状及发展对策研究

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种子是农业生产的重要物资,对于保障国家粮食安全和农业发展具有重要意义.本文在研究梳理 2017~2023 年中国农作物种子进出口贸易的基础上,通过贸易差额、贸易竞争力指数、对外贸易依存度、国际市场占有率、比较优势指数等评价指标,探讨中国农作物种子进出口贸易的影响因素,并提出了中国农作物种子产业发展的对策建议.分析结果显示,中国农作物种子进出口贸易总体呈逆差状态,对外贸易依存度指数很低,在全球种子贸易市场中份额较小,比较优势指数较低.总体来说,目前我国仍是种子进口大国,种业研发推广的比较优势相对较低,在一段时间内还需依靠进口种子满足我国种业市场需求.目前中国农作物种子进出口贸易的影响因素主要有人口因素、耕地资源、经济因素、汇率因素、科研投入、外资投资、植物新品种权等方面,可通过优化种子产业结构、提高种子质量与竞争力、加大育种关键技术的研发与投入力度、加强种业国际合作以及强化种业科技成果的转化和推广等方面进一步促进中国农作物种子产业发展.
Research on the Current Status and Development Strategies of China's Crop Seed Import and Export Trade
Seeds are essential materials in agricultural production and play a significant role in ensuring national food security and agricultural development.This article reviews the import and export trade of China's crop seeds from 2017 to 2023,and examines various evaluation indicators such as trade balance,trade competitiveness index,degree of dependence on foreign trade,international market share,and revealed comparative advantage index.It discusses various influencing factors and explores strategic recommendations for the development of China's crop seed industry.The analysis results show that China's crop seed import and export trade is generally in a state of deficit,with a low index of dependence on foreign trade,a small share in the global seed trade market,and a relatively low revealed comparative advantage index.Overall,China is still a major importer of seeds,and the comparative advantage of seed industry research and development promotion is relatively low.For a period of time,it still needs to rely on imported seeds to meet the market demand of China's seed industry.Currently,the influencing factors of China's crop seed import and export trade mainly include population factors,arable land resources,economic factors,exchange rate factors,scientific research investment,foreign investment,and plant variety rights,etc.The development of China's crop seed industry can be promoted by optimizing the structure of the seed industry,improving seed quality and competitiveness,strengthening the research and development and investment in key breeding technologies,enhancing international cooperation in the seed industry,and reinforcing the transformation and promotion of scientific and technological achievements in the seed industry.

Crop seedsImport and export tradeCompetitiveness evaluation indicatorsInfluencing factorsDevelopment strategies

邓丹丹、刘晓、沈力、李美、蓝艳华、李淑华、凌婉阳

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广东省科学院南繁种业研究所,广东广州 510316

农作物种子 进出口贸易 竞争力评价指标 影响因素 发展对策

中国工程院咨询项目

2023-GD-10

2024

甘蔗糖业
中国糖协,全国甘蔗糖业信息中心

甘蔗糖业

CSTPCD
影响因子:0.548
ISSN:1005-9695
年,卷(期):2024.53(1)
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