A verification of the exiled or banished officials in the four prefectures of Hainan in the Tang Dynasty
Over nearly 300 years in the Tang Dynasty,44 officials had been exiled or banished to the four prefectures of Hainan,which were Danzhou,Qiongzhou,Zhenzhou,and Wan'an.Among them,18 were in Danzhou,13 in Qiongzhou,and 13 in Zhenzhou.In terms of period,there were 9 people in the Wuzhou Dynasty,8 people in the Jingzong Dynasty,7 people in the Gaozong Dynasty,5 people in the Yizong Dynasty,4 people in the Wenzong Dynasty,3 people in the Zhongzong and Xuanzong Dynasties respectively,1 person in the Taizong,Ruizong,Xizong,Zhaozong and Aidi Dynasties respectively.Generally,the largest number of the exiled or banished were in the Wuzhou,Jingzong,and Gaozong Dynasties.In terms of the nature of penalties,12 were banished and 32 were exiled.The number of exiles far exceeded that of banishers.In terms of appointments after banishment,there were 7 adjutants(Sima)and revenue managers(Sihu),3 counselors-in-chief(Cheng)and commandants(Wei),1 clerk(Cishi),1 outrider(Biejia),most of which were the low-level official positions.In terms of poem and essay creation,a small number of works written by Hu Yuanfan,Lin Yun,Yang Zhizhi,and Lu Yan are still extant.
the Tang Dynastyfour prefectures of Hainanexiled and banished officials
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