Pericardial effusion is a common complication in uremic patients,typically associated with the accumu-lation of uremic toxins,hypoproteinemia,and heart failure.In most cases,pericardial effusion can be effectively reduced through enhanced dialysis,dry weight adjustment,and albumin supplementation.However,this paper reports a patient un-dergoing maintenance hemodialysis who repeatedly developed large amounts of hemorrhagic pericardial effusion and had no significant reduction in the effusion volume after conventional treatment.Mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified in the patient after repeated sputum culture,and the pericardial effusion was notably reduced following anti-tuberculosis thera-py.This case highlights the need to consider potential tuberculosis infection in refractory pericardial effusion.
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