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海洋低信噪比小道距地震处理关键技术

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海洋高分辨小道距地震探测方法具有高精度、作业方式灵活、适应区域广等优势,在浅表天然气水合物高精度识别、近海底地层层序确定方面都有广泛应用.基于现阶段研发设备的固有问题,原始地震数据的信噪比低、成像品质差.针对小道距高分辨率电缆固有的背景噪声严重、沉放深度和主频高引起的虚反射严重、电缆姿态不稳导致信号反射时间-距离不符合双曲线变化规律等问题,采用"叠前多域噪声压制技术""基于F-K鬼波压制技术""基于相干函数控制的电缆等浮校正技术"等关键手段,逐步质控,处理后的地震剖面信噪比高、波组特征清楚、地层反射连续性好,能满足浅层地质构造特征识别及地层层序划分的需求.
The Key Technology of Marine Low SNR Seismic Data Processing for Small Group Interval
The marine high-resolution short-offset seismic detection methodology has some significant benefits including high precision,adaptable operation techniques,and extensive adaptability,making it particularly effective for high-precision identification of shallow gas hydrates and delineation of near-seabed stratigraphic sequences.Due to inherent limitations of currently available research and development equipments,the original seismic data has obvious weakness such as a low signal-to-noise ratio and subpar imaging quality.Key challenges include severe background noise,significant ghost reflections induced by cable immersion depth and dominant frequency,and a lack of adherence to hyperbolic variation rules for signal reflection time-distance due to unstable cable positioning.To address these issues,we utilize key methodologies such as"pre-stack multi-domain noise suppression technology","F-K ghost wave suppression technique",and"cable floating correction technology based on coherence function control".With successive iterations,the processed seismic sections display an improved signal-to-noise ratio,distinct wave group features,and strong continuity in formation reflections,sufficiently meeting the requirements for shallow geological structure identification and stratigraphic sequence division.

small group intervallow signal-to-noise ratiocable floating correctionnoise suppressionghost reflection

颜中辉、杨传胜、王小杰、刘鸿、杨睿、刘欣欣、李海龙

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中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所,山东青岛 266237

崂山实验室海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室,山东青岛 266237

小道距地震探测 低信噪比 电缆等浮校正 噪声压制 鬼波效应

国家自然科学基金青年基金项目国家自然科学基金青年基金项目国家自然科学基金青年基金项目崂山实验室科技创新项目山东省自然科学面上基金项目

421062084170607242006068LSKJ202203401ZR2021MD118

2024

10.12362/j.issn.1671-6647.20230613001

海洋科学进展
中国海洋学会 国家海洋局第一海洋研究所

海洋科学进展

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：0.532
ISSN：1671-6647
年,卷(期)：2024.42(3)
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