海洋低信噪比小道距地震处理关键技术
The Key Technology of Marine Low SNR Seismic Data Processing for Small Group Interval
颜中辉 1杨传胜 1王小杰 1刘鸿 1杨睿 1刘欣欣 1李海龙1
作者信息
- 1. 中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所,山东青岛 266237;崂山实验室海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室,山东青岛 266237
- 折叠
摘要
海洋高分辨小道距地震探测方法具有高精度、作业方式灵活、适应区域广等优势,在浅表天然气水合物高精度识别、近海底地层层序确定方面都有广泛应用.基于现阶段研发设备的固有问题,原始地震数据的信噪比低、成像品质差.针对小道距高分辨率电缆固有的背景噪声严重、沉放深度和主频高引起的虚反射严重、电缆姿态不稳导致信号反射时间-距离不符合双曲线变化规律等问题,采用"叠前多域噪声压制技术""基于F-K鬼波压制技术""基于相干函数控制的电缆等浮校正技术"等关键手段,逐步质控,处理后的地震剖面信噪比高、波组特征清楚、地层反射连续性好,能满足浅层地质构造特征识别及地层层序划分的需求.
Abstract
The marine high-resolution short-offset seismic detection methodology has some significant benefits including high precision,adaptable operation techniques,and extensive adaptability,making it particularly effective for high-precision identification of shallow gas hydrates and delineation of near-seabed stratigraphic sequences.Due to inherent limitations of currently available research and development equipments,the original seismic data has obvious weakness such as a low signal-to-noise ratio and subpar imaging quality.Key challenges include severe background noise,significant ghost reflections induced by cable immersion depth and dominant frequency,and a lack of adherence to hyperbolic variation rules for signal reflection time-distance due to unstable cable positioning.To address these issues,we utilize key methodologies such as"pre-stack multi-domain noise suppression technology","F-K ghost wave suppression technique",and"cable floating correction technology based on coherence function control".With successive iterations,the processed seismic sections display an improved signal-to-noise ratio,distinct wave group features,and strong continuity in formation reflections,sufficiently meeting the requirements for shallow geological structure identification and stratigraphic sequence division.
关键词
小道距地震探测/低信噪比/电缆等浮校正/噪声压制/鬼波效应Key words
small group interval/low signal-to-noise ratio/cable floating correction/noise suppression/ghost reflection引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(42106208)
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(41706072)
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(42006068)
崂山实验室科技创新项目(LSKJ202203401)
山东省自然科学面上基金项目(ZR2021MD118)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据