Application of punitive damages system in environmental civil public interest litigation
In order to implement the concept of green development,Article 1 232 of China's Civil Code stipulates the application of punitive damages in the field of environmental infringement liti-gation,and the Supreme People's Court further stipulates in principle that punitive damages are ap-plicable to environmental public interest litigation cases.However,there are difficulties in the appli-cation of the punitive damages system in environmental public interest civil litigation,such as un-clear constituent elements,inconsistent amounts of punitive damages,ambiguity in attribution and use,and competing liabilities.Therefore,in the field of environmental justice,it is necessary to ac-tively find ways to apply the law,solve the difficulties in the application of punitive damages in en-vironmental civil public interest litigation,realize the warning function of environmental infringers,and then achieve the protection of environmental public interests.
punitive damagesenvironmental civil public interest litigationpunitive damagesjudi-cious application