Research Progress of Substrates in Constructed Wetland
Artificial wetlands is an effective solution for addressing complex environmental pollutants.The synergy among plants,substrates,and microorganisms is the key mechanism driving the removal of pollutants in artificial wetlands,with the sub-strate playing a particularly vital role.However,the growing complexity of pollutants necessitates the development of sustainable substrates and more efficient artificial wetland systems.This study begins by conducting a comprehensive review of the physico-chemical properties,pollutant removal mechanisms,and efficiency of commonly used substrates.Challenges faced by substrates during the treatment process in constructed wetlands are also brought to the forefront.By amalgamating the solutions proposed by both domestic and foreign scholars,this research outlines and proposes optimization measures for constructed wetlands.In conclu-sion,this study serves as a foundational resource for the construction of constructed wetlands and the enhancement of treatment efficiency in the face of evolving environmental challenges.
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