The Influencing Factors of Hospitalization Expenses for Patients with Single Disease Based on Grey Relational Model
Objective To analyze the proportion of hospital expenses and identify the key cost components influencing hospitalization expenses of patients with a single disease using grey re-lational analysis and structural variability analysis.Methods The study data were sourced from the case data of a tertiary hospital's medical record system in Henan Province.The subjects were patients with acute myocardial infarction who were hospitalized in the first quarter of each year from 2016 to 2022.Grey relational analysis and structural variability analysis were used to describe the average hospitalization expenses of the sample,analyze the composition of the costs and their changes in recent years,and identify the major cost components contributing to the hospitalization expenses.Results During the study period,6,422 patients with acute myocar-dial infarction had an average hospitalization expenses of 53,992.50 yuan.The average cost ex-hibited an increasing trend followed by a decline,peaking in 2019.The correlation coefficients of various costs with the average hospitalization expenses in different years,ranked from highest to lowest,were as follows:material costs(0.815),medical service fees(0.795),treatment costs(0.772),laboratory diagnostic fees(0.745),drug costs(0.733),examination fees(0.608),and other expenses(0.483).The overall structural variability of the average hospitaliza-tion expenses from 2016 to the first quarter of 2022 was 30.15%,with an annual average struc-tural variability of 5.03%.The structural variability peaked between 2020 and 2021 at 15.08%,pri-marily due to significant changes in material costs.The largest structural variability in drug costs occurred between 2017 and 2018,with a change value of-4.19%.The main contributors to the structural variability of the average hospitalization expenses were examination fees,drug costs,treatment fees,and material costs.Among them,examination fees had the largest structural variability,with a cumulative contribution rate of 44.11%.Drug costs contributed 38.09%,while medical service fees consistently had a low contribution rate to the structural variability of aver-age hospitalization expenses.Conclusion The reform of medical service pricing has had a signifi-cant impact on various costs.Throughout the study period,the material costs showed the high-est correlation with average hospitalization costs,and examination fees had the highest contri-bution to structural variability.Continued efforts are needed to advance the comprehensive re-form of public hospitals,optimize the medical service pricing system,and strengthen the man-agement of drug and high-value consumables prices to better reflect the technical value of healthcare personnel.
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