Effect of arsenic trioxide combined with albendazole on the growth of Echinococcus granulosus
Objective To explore the effect of arsenic trioxide(ATO)combined with albendazole(ABZ)on the growth of Protoscolex of Echinococcus granulosus,and to explore the feasibility of ATO combined with ABZ in the treatment of hepatic echinococcosis.Methods Protoscolex of Echinococcus granulosus was in vitro cultured with 3μmol/L ATO,6μmol/L ATO,100μmol/L ABZ,3μmol/L ATO+100μmol/L ABZ and 6μmol/L ATO+100μmol/L ABZ,respectively.Viability and morphological structure were detected with 0.1%eosin staining under an inverted light microscope.The ultrastructural alterations were visualized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Meanwhile,caspase-3 activity assay kits were performed.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the levels of SOD and HO-1.Results Treatment of 6μmol/L ATO+100μmol/L ABZ exerted the strongest inhibitory effect on the growth of Protoscolex of Echinococcus granulosus,followed by the combined treatment of 3μmol/L ATO+100μmol/L ABZ.The combined treatment of ATO and ABZ produced a stronger effect on the ultrastructural damage than that of a single treatment of ABZ.After 3-day treatment of 6μmol/L ATO+ 100μmol/L ABZ,the surface layer of the Protoscolex showed insect-like changes,apex mutation,head hook defect and microhair loss.After treatment for 4 days,the caspase-3 activity was significantly higher in Protoscolex treated with ATO combined with ABZ than that treated with ABZ alone([43.34±1.07]μmol/L vs[32.58±0.73]μmol/L,F=859.754,P<0.05),showing a dose-dependent manner.The activities of SOD and HO-1 were significantly lower after ATO treatment,showing a time-and dose-dependent manner(P<0.05).Conclusion The combination of ATO and ABZ can significantly inhibits the growth of Protoscolex of Echinococcus granulosus compared to a single drug.The exact mechanism still needs a further exploration.
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