Aplastic anemia(AA)is one of the most prevalent hematologic malignant diseases in China.Although conventional blood tests are most widely used in clinical practice,their specificity and accuracy are low,which may lead to misdiagnosis and treatment delay.Based on previous findings in the peripheral blood biomarkers,molecular markers and bone marrow tests for AA,this review describes important diagnostic markers for AA,and provides references for basic and clinical research,thus improving the specificity and accuracy of AA diagnosis,clinical efficacy and prognosis.