Objective To measure the expression levels of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha(HIF-1α)and microRNA-210-3p(miR-210-3p)in the ectopic endometrial tissues of patients with ovarian endometriosis(EMs).Methods A total of 56 patients with ovarian EMs who were managed by laparoscopy or laparotomy and confirmed by pathologically were included.Ectopic endometrial tissues were intraoperatively collected as test group.During the same period,22 normal endometrial tissues were selected as control group.Positive expression of HIF-1α in endometrium tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry for surgical specimen(SP).The quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the relative expression of miR-210-3p.Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between expression levels of HIF-1α and miR-210-3p in the ectopic endometrial tissues of patients with ovarian EMs.Results The relative expression of miR-210-3p in the ectopic endometrial tissues was significantly higher than that of normal endometrium tissues(P<0.05).The positive expression rate of HIF-1α protein in the ectopic endometrial tissues was significantly higher than that of normal endometrium tissues(P = 0.036).Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the expression levels of HIF-1α and miR-210-3p in the ectopic endometrial tissues of patients with ovarian EMs(r=0.573,P<0.001).Conclusion HIF-1α and miR-210-3p are overexpressed in the ectopic endometrial tissues of patients with ovarian EMs and positively correlated,which may be synergistically involved in the occurrence and progression of ovarian EMs.