Objective To explore the effect and impact path of parenting style on medication adherence in school-age children with pneumonia,thus providing a management program for individualized nursing.Methods A total 118 school-age pneumonia children and their parents were enrolled in the Eighth People's Hospital of Hefei form February 2020 to February 2023 by a convenient sampling method.The surveys and analysis on questionnaires were conducted out by the General Questionnaire,Chinese version of short-form of the Egna Minnen Betraffande Uppfostran(s-EMBU),Medication Adherence Questionnaire(MAQ),and General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES).Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the mediation effect of each variable.Results Among eligible 118 school-age children with pneumonia,the scores of medication adherence were(5.46±1.76)points.Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that maternal education level,parenting style,and GSES score were the influential factors for medication compliance of school-age children with pneumonia(P<0.05).The relationships between positive parenting style(effect size[ES]:0.44,accounting for 33.8%of the total effect),negative parenting style(ES:-0.45,accounting for 35.7%of the total effect)and medication adherence were mediated by general self-efficacy.Conclusion Self-efficacy plays a partially mediating role between parenting style and medication adherence in school-age children with pneumonia,medical staff should promote the level of self-efficacy by improving the effect of parenting style on medication adherence.