摘要
为研究江西于都南部地区耕地土壤重金属污染状况,对所采集的表层土壤样品进行Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、As、Hg等重金属元素测试,研究其空间分布特征,并采用多种评价模型开展生态评价.结果表明,Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、As、Hg含量分别是于都县土壤背景值的1.18、1.24、1.69、1.41、5.79、1.25、2.27、1.41倍.单因子污染指数显示As、Cd污染最严重,是潜在生态风险最主要的贡献因子.内梅罗综合污染指数显示重金属超标率达20.7％.地累积指数显示As污染最严重,其次是Hg、Ni、Cd.8种重金属元素变异系数均为0.45～5.14,属强变异.相关性分析显示,除Hg外的其他重金属间相关性均较强,而且与pH存在显著或极显著正相关,因此可以通过调节土壤pH值,降低土壤中重金属元素的毒性.主成分分析结果显示,Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、As主要来源于人为采矿活动,Cr、Ni主要来源于土壤母质.
Abstract
In order to study the heavy metal pollution status of farmland soil in the southern region of Yudu,Jiangxi province,surface soil samples were collected to test heavy metal elements such as Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb,As,Hg,etc.The spatial distribution characteristics were studied,and multiple evaluation models were used for eco-logical evaluation.The results showed that Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb,As,and Hg were 1.18,1.24,1.69,1.41,5.79,1.25,2.27,and 1.41 times higher than the background values of soil in Yudu County,respective-ly.The single-factor pollution index showed that As and Cd are the most polluted and are the most significant con-tributors to the potential ecological risk.The Numero integrated pollution index shows heavy metal exceedance of 20.70％.The ground accumulation index showed that the most serious is As pollution,followed by Hg,Ni,and Cd.The coefficients of variation of all eight heavy metals ranged from 0.45 to 5.14,all of which were strongly variable.Correlation analysis showed strong correlations exsisted among all heavy metals except Hg.The concen-trations of heavg metals were significant or highly significant positive correlations with pH,indicating that the tox-icity of heavy metal elements in the soils could be reduced by adjusting soil pH.The results of the principal com-ponent analysis showed that Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb,and As mainly originated from anthropogenic mining activities,and Cr and Ni primarily originated from the soil parent material.
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