摘要
为解决日光温室内南北垄向栽培模式不利于机械化作业、人工费用高等问题,以唐山当地传统番茄品种"铁皮西红柿"为试材,在日光温室内春茬番茄种植密度3.3株/m2条件下,试验设东西垄向双行定植(株距35.0 cm,垄距120 cm,垄上行距20 cm、采用"品"型定植)、东西垄向单行定植(株距17.5 cm,垄距120 cm)、南北垄向双行定植(株距30.0 cm,垄距30 cm,垄上行距20 cm、采用"品"型定植)和南北垄向单行定植(传统种植模式,CK,株距15.0 cm,垄距30 cm)4个处理,分析不同垄向与定植方式对番茄农艺性状、净光合速率(Pn)、产量以及起垄—定植人工成本的影响.结果表明:东西垄向栽培模式与南北垄向栽培相比,番茄单花序显著增长,植株提前进入始花期,其中单行定植的效果优于双行;坐果期和收获期Pn显著提高,其中单行定植收获期的叶面积和Pn显著高于其他处理;成熟期茎粗和两果间距显著增大,其中单行定植的效果优于双行;产量提高,但与CK差异不显著,其中单行定植的效果优于双行;起垄—定植人工用时大幅度减少,成本是南北垄向栽培模式的8.8％.相关分析结果表明:番茄单位面积产量与收获期的Pn和茎粗呈显著正相关,与收获期的两果间距呈极显著正相关.在唐山地区日光温室内,采用东西垄向栽培番茄技术可行,单行定植模式优于双行.
Abstract
In order to solve the problems of unfavorable mechanized operation and high labor costs in the north-south ridge cultivation mode in a solar greenhouse,the traditional tomato variety in Tangshan was used as the material under the planting density of 3.3 plants/m2 of spring tomato in a solar greenhouse double row plant-ing in the east-west ridge with a plant spacing of 35.0 cm,a ridge spacing of 120 cm and a row spacing of 20 cm on the ridge,single row planting in the east-west ridge with a plant spacing of 17.5 cm and a row spacing of 120 cm,double row planting in the north-south ridge with a plant spacing of 30.0 cm,a ridge spacing of 30 cm and a row spacing of 20 cm on the ridge,and single row planting in the north-south ridge with a plant spacing of 15.0 cm and a ridge spacing of 30 cm(traditional planting mode,CK)were tested.The effects of different ridge direction and planting methods on the agronomic traits,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),yield and labor costs of ridging and planting were analyzed.The results showed that compared with the north-south ridge cultivation,the east-west ridge cultivation mode significantly increased the single inflorescence of tomatoes and the plants entered the initial flowering period earlier.Among them the effect of single row planting was better than that of double row planting.During the fruiting and harvesting stages the Pn significantly in-creased with leaf area and Pn significantly being higher in the single row planting and harvesting stage compared to other treatments.During the mature stage the stem thickness and the distance between two fruits significantly increased with the effect of single row planting being better than that of double row planting.The yield increased but there was no significant difference compared to CK with the effect of single row planting being better than that of double row planting.The hours of labors for ridge setting-planting signifi-cantly reduced and the cost was 8.8％of the north-south ridge cultivation mode.The correlation analysis results showed that the yield per unit area of tomato was significantly positively correlated with Pn and stem thickness during the harvesting period and extremely significantly positively correlated with the spacing between two fruits during the harvesting period.In the solar greenhouse of Tangshan the east-west ridge cultivation mode of tomato is feasible and the single row planting mode is better than the double row planting mode.
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据