Engaging in theoretical debates predominantly rooted in philosophical discourse does little to address the challenges associated with the application of standards for criminal proof.Amid the ongoing process of legal codifi-cation reform,it becomes imperative to elucidate the inherent logic and hierarchical structure of the clauses gover-ning criminal proof standards.Consequently,adjustments and modifications to the current legal language are neces-sary.It is paramount to define the lawful standards guiding the collection of evidence,specify the legal obligations pertaining to the verification of evidence authenticity,and institute procedural rules that eliminate reasonable doubt in establishing the facts of guilt.This endeavor seeks to strike a balance between uncovering the truth in a case and safeguarding the exercise of judicial discretion.Ultimately,the goal is to ensure the judicious and rational applica-tion of criminal proof standards within the framework of procedural norms.
criminal procedure evidence standardreal and sufficient evidenceexclusion of reasonable doubttri-al centralism
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