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论明代洪武朝"抄札"则例的演变

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明代对重犯家口及家财进行抄没的行为称为"抄札"。自汉景帝至元顺帝以来,对这一惩处的称谓都相对固定,也就是刑罚体系中的"籍没"。明太祖在"遵唐旧"的大背景下却单单在此特立独行,显然有其深层次的原因。将"抄札"在明代洪武朝的演变与朱元璋人物特性及当时政局相关联,不难发现"抄札"之所以能替代"籍没",甚至成为明代的一项则例,不仅由于朱元璋深受元朝统治者在江南地区大行籍没的影响,想要以此展现其对权力的掌控;更是在于他"治乱世刑不得不重"的深切思虑。"抄札"随着明代政治环境的变迁而不断演变,"抄札"细则的增补、"抄札"则例的定型、差人前去"抄札"的变更等各项内容的动态调整,处处体现着朱元璋在国家治理中"明刑弼教"和整顿吏治的初心,以及明代法治与人治的有机结合。
On the Evolution of the Code of"Confiscation of Associated Property"in the Hongwu Dynasty of the Ming Dynasty
In the Ming Dynasty,the behavior of confiscating the felon's and his family members'property is called the"confiscation of associated property".Since Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty to Emperor Shun of Yuan Dynasty,the name of this punishment gets relatively fixed,that is,"confiscation of domicile"in the penal system.Taizu of Ming just did as he pleases about that while generally"complying with the old practice of Tang Dynasty",which obviously has its deep-seated reasons.By correlating the evolution of"confiscation of associated property"in the Ming dynasty Hongwu dynasty with the character of Zhu Yuanzhang and the political situation at that time,it is not difficult to find that"confiscation of associated property"can replace"confiscation of domicile"and even become a code of the Ming dynasty.It is not only because Zhu Yuanzhang gets deeply influenced by the rulers of the Yuan dynasty in the south of the Yangtze River and wants to show his control of power;it is also because of his deep consideration that"the punishment has to be heavy in a troubled world".The"confiscation of associated property"evolves along with the changing political environment of the Ming Dynasty,involving the addition of the detailed rules,the finalization of the code,as well as the changes by local officials.The dynamic adjustment of the contents of the"confiscation of associated property"all reflect Zhu Yuanzhang's original intention of"using the criminal law to educate the people"and rectifying corrupt officials in the governance of the state,as well as the organic combination of the rule of law and the rule of man in the Ming Dynasty.

Hongwuconfiscation of associated propertyconfiscation of domicile

朱志坚

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长江大学 人文与新媒体学院,湖北 荆州 434000

洪武 抄札 籍没

国家社会科学基金后期资助项目全国高校古委会资助项目

18FZS0042235

2024

黑河学院学报
黑河学院

黑河学院学报

影响因子:0.169
ISSN:1674-9499
年,卷(期):2024.15(2)
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