The key to improving the system of providing basic public services in permanent resi-dence,which is expected by the people and promo-ted by the central government,lies in mobilizing the enthusiasm of local governments.At this stage,most of the service items are basically supplied by the place of permanent residence,but there are still phenomena such as'iron gate','glass door'and'spring door',and different cities varies sig-nificantly.Due to the trade-off between cost and benefit,the factor constraints,and the paradox of service supply in large cities,local governments'willingness to promote the full coverage of basic public services for the resident population is insuf-ficient.It is necessary to coordinate incentives and effective constraints to promote the provision of basic public services from permanent residences.
Permanent residence populationBasic public servicesNew urbanization