摘要
氢的同位素氕(H)、氘(D)和氚(T)在医疗、核能、国防等领域都有着广泛的应用,特别是在碳达峰、碳中和的"双碳"背景下,采用氘氚核聚变能被认为是我国的重要能源战略.故实现氢同位素的有效分离具有极其重要意义,然而自然界中氘和氚的相对丰度却极低,国内外学者相继开展了广泛的科学研究.本文首先对水中氢同位素分离的技术原理进行了概述;然后,从工程化应用角度,重点综述了电解法、精馏法和化学交换法;从实验室研发角度,重点综述了膜分离法和多孔材料吸附法.最后,对几种典型技术的分离因子和能耗进行了对比分析,并展望了未来水中氢同位素分离技术的发展趋势,以期为水中氢同位素的高效分离提供指导.
Abstract
Hydrogen isotopes,such as protium(H),deuterium(D),and tritium(T),are widely used in medical treatment,nuclear energy,national defense,and other fields.Under the background of the"double carbon"target with carbon peak and carbon neutralization,deuterium-tritium fusion energy is considered to be an important energy strategy in China.H owever,the relative abundance of deuterium and tritium in nature is extremely low,and it is of great significance to separate hydrogen isotopes economically and effectively.This paper presents the research on water hydrogen isotope separation technology.Firstly,the methods and the principles of hydrogen isotope separation in water are summarized.Then,two per-spectives of separation methods were reviewed.From the perspective of engineering applica-tion,the electrolysis,distillation and chemical exchange method are focused.From the perspective of laboratory research and development,the membrane separation method and porous material adsorption method are focused.Finally,the separation factors and energy consumption of typical separation technologies are compared.Moreover,to provide a certain reference for the water hydrogen isotope separation technology,several future research directions are prospected.
基金项目
国家磁约束聚变能发展研究专项(2022YFE03170001)
维普
万方数据