首页|20世纪30年代中华民族的国民认知——基于《中国民族之改造》《中华民族发展史》的文本分析

20世纪30年代中华民族的国民认知——基于《中国民族之改造》《中华民族发展史》的文本分析

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20世纪 30年代,随着民族危机日益加重,国内对中华民族的国民认知讨论逐渐增多,张君俊《中国民族之改造》与郭维屏《中华民族发展史》对这个问题的看法在当时具有一定的代表性.前者运用大量数据论证南北方人在体力、智力的差异,并提出南人北迁可以实现中华民族智力、体力的均衡发展,以应对外侮等主张,具有较强的学术性,但其受错误的"地理环境决定论"影响明显.后者力图通过总结中华民族的诸多优点,达到"恢复民族的自信""对中华民族有……坚决的自信",以"更有效的努力于中华民族的复兴运动"的目的,具有较强的政治性.两个文本皆论述了中华文化促进中华民族共同体凝心聚力,以及重视体育训练在健全人格形成过程中的作用,这对建设中华民族共同体和重视体育教育有一定的借鉴价值.然而,对于当今铸牢中华民族共同体意识,必须把握"共同性"是其主导、方向、前提和根本;建设中华民族共同体,必须深刻理解中华民族一体性的主线和方向,而非对中华民族的国民认知以偏概全的理解与肢解.
The National Cognition of the Chinese Nation in the 1930s—Analysis Based on The Transformation of the Chinese Nation and The History of the Development of the Chinese Nation
In the 1930s,amid an escalating national crisis,domestic discourse on the characteristics of the Chinese nation intensified.Zhang Junjun's"The Transformation of the Chinese Nation"and Guo Weiping's"The History of the Development of the Chinese Nation"offered representative perspectives on this issue.Zhang's work,which is highly academic,employs extensive data to argue that"the physical strength of the south is inferior to that of the north,while the intelligence of the north is inferior to that of the south.The natural environment of the north is more conducive to the'health of the nation,'thus the south should be encouraged to migrate northward to balance the intellectual and physical development of the Chinese nation to better resist foreign aggression."In contrast,Guo's work,which is highly political,seeks to"restore national confidence"and instill"resolute confidence in the Chinese nation,"thereby enabling more effective participation in the rejuvenation movement of the Chinese nation by highlighting its many strengths.The study of these two historical texts offers valuable insights for strengthening the sense of community among the Chinese nation and achieving its great rejuvenation.It underscores the importance of Chinese culture in fostering national cohesion and the role of sports training in developing well-rounded personalities.However,to consolidate the sense of the Chinese nation as a unified community,it is essential to understand that"intercommunity"is the guiding principle,direction,premise,and foundation.Building a unified Chinese nation requires a comprehensive understanding of the overarching theme and direction of national unity,rather than a partial and fragmented perception of national identity.

The Chinese nationNational CognitionThe Transformation of the Chinese NationThe History of the Development of the Chinese Nation

王传发、张旭

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云南民族大学,云南昆明 650504

云南开放大学,云南昆明 650599

中华民族 国民认知 《中国民族之改造》 《中华民族发展史》

2024

怀化学院学报
怀化学院

怀化学院学报

影响因子:0.24
ISSN:1671-9743
年,卷(期):2024.43(6)