摘要
近海海洋大气边界层是陆海气相互作用的特殊区域,发展近海海洋边界层大气污染立体探测技术、获取海洋大气边界层内主要污染成分及关键气象参数的高精度垂直探测信息,对于提高陆地、海洋和大气中的污染来源、化学机制和传输过程认识、提高沿海地区大气环境与气象预报的准确性具有重要意义.针对近海海洋边界层大气污染综合立体探测技术,总结了近年来在国家重点研发计划支持下我国在近海海洋大气探测设备研发、关键技术发展和近海大气污染形成机制研究等方面的进展.当前我国已发展了包括海洋大气廓线激光雷达、湍流交换测量、海气通量观测、海洋气溶胶探测设备等一系列近海海洋边界层探测技术,解决了沿海海洋地区恶劣环境条件造成的技术瓶颈,并基于这些探测设备与技术开展了大量近海海洋大气污染研究.技术与设备的发展完善了我国近海海洋地区边界层大气污染立体监测技术体系与能力,对我国东部沿海区域大气污染防治有积极支撑作用.
Abstract
The coastal ocean atmospheric boundary layer is a special area of land-sea-air interaction.The three-dimensional detection technology of atmospheric pollution in the coastal ocean boundary layer is developed to obtain high-precision vertical distribution information of main pollution components and key meteorological parameters in the coastal ocean atmospheric boundary layer.It has great significance to improve the understanding of pollution sources,chemical mechanisms,and transport processes in land,ocean,and atmosphere,and to improve the accuracy of atmospheric environment and meteorological forecasting in coastal areas.To develop a reliable comprehensive three-dimensional detection technology system for the coastal ocean atmospheric boundary layer,the recent progress of the national key research and development project is summarized.The developments of coastal ocean atmospheric detection techniques and instruments,as well as the research on the formation mechanism of atmospheric pollution in the observation areas are presented.A series of coastal ocean boundary layer detection technologies have been developed,including marine atmospheric profile lidar,turbulence exchange measurement,air-sea flux,and marine aerosol detection equipment,to solve the technical bottlenecks caused by harsh environmental conditions in coastal marine areas.Up to now,several coastal ocean air pollution observation research campaigns have been carried out with the developed equipment and technologies.A comprehensive three-dimensional detection technology system for the coastal ocean atmospheric boundary layer will play a positive supporting role in the prevention and control of air pollution in the eastern coastal areas of China.
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