A REVIEW ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION,TOXICITY AND HUMAN EXPOSURE OF HEXABROMOCYCLODODECANE,A BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANT
Hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD)is an alicyclic additive flame retardant with high bromine content.It has been widely used in the production of polystyrene building insulation materials,textiles,electrical and electronic equipment.Because HBCD is not chemically bound to the products,it will be inevitably released from the product during production,use and disposal.HBCD has been proven to have toxic effects on the liver,thyroid and nerves of organisms,and its accumulation in organisms can cause serious harm to the human body.In recent years,the presence of HBCD has been detected in daily necessities,atmosphere,water,soil and various organisms,even in breast milk,which has potential long-term harm to humans and the environment.Food,air and dust are the main pathways for the human body to ingest HBCD.Regardless of the route of exposure,the exposure rate of toddlers is higher than that of adults,and occupational exposure to HBCD has a more serious impact on occupational personnel health.This article reviews the distribution and determination methods of HBCD in environmental media and organisms,summarizes its toxic effects on organisms,and discusses the human exposure pathways and risk assessment of HBCD.This paper also proposes that future research on HBCD should pay more attention to the exposure pathways and risks of occupational groups,and explore the potential mechanism of HBCD on the human body.
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