RECENT ADVANCES IN ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY TECHNOLOGY FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF FOULING AND MASS TRANSFER PROCESSES ON NANOFILTRATION AND REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANES
In recent years,nanofiltration(NF)and reverse osmosis(RO)technologies have been widely utilized in drinking water purification,wastewater treatment,and desalination.However,membrane fouling and low mass transfer separation efficiency remain major challenges limiting their development.Addressing these issues requires sensitive and precise characterization techniques to probe the underlying mechanisms.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),as a highly sensitive analysis technique,enables real-time,in-situ characterization.It offers unique advantages in the study of membrane fouling and mass transfer processes.This review systematically summarizes the research and application advances of EIS in characterizing the fouling and mass transfer processes in NF and RO membranes.The working principles and equivalent circuit models are first introduced.The research advancements in fouling type identification,online monitoring,and mass transfer characterization in membrane separation are also reviewed.Finally,the limitations of EIS application in the membrane field are discussed and future development directions are also outlined.
electrochemical impedance spectroscopyNFROmembrane foulingmembrane mass transfercharacterization technology
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维普
