Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics and Population Exposure Risks to PM2.5 in the Yellow River Basin
Based on the PM25 remote sensing inversion data and population distribution data,the population exposure risk index model was constructed.Furthermore,the methods of Theil-Sen Median trend analysis and Mann-Kendall test,and geo-spatial analysis were used to reveal the temporal and spatial characteristics of PM25 and population exposure risk in the Yellow River basin from 2000 to 2020,and their spatial change characteristics are depicted through space exploration tools.The results show that the annual average concentration of PM25 is 46.53 pg/m3 with a trend of"growth rapidly-fluctuating growth-decline continuously"during the study period.The area proportion of PM25 pollution at different levels changed significantly,showing a trend of decreasing high-concentration areas and increasing low-concentration areas.The annual average concentration of PM25 is higher in the east and lower in the west.The spatial local autocorrelation of PM25 average concentration over the years was significant.The low-value areas are mainly distributed in Qinghai,Gansu,Ningxia,Inner Mongolia.High-value areas are concentrated in the southern Shanxi,Guanzhong area of Shaanxi,central Henan,and northern Shandong.Except for 2000 and 2020,more than 90％of the population was exposed to the PM25 annual average mass concentration of 35 pg/m3 or more.Moreover,the exposure risk level in high-density population areas was higher.The areas with extremely significant increase in population exposure risk mainly include southeastern Qinghai Province,Ningxia Plain,western Inner Mongolia,Fenwei Plain,and central Henan.The distribution pattern of PM2.5 population exposure risk has not changed significantly.The high-level risk areas are characterized by the coexistence of sheet,strip and point distribution in space,mainly including the alluvial plain in the middle and lower reaches and the Fenwei basin in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.
PM2.5population exposure riskspatiotemporal distributionYellow River Basin
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