The Effect of Chemical Fertilizer Combined with Human Urine on the Quality of Lettuce and Soil Properties
To investigate how different mixtures of urine and chemical fertilizer impact the quality and characteristics of let-tuce,as well as the soil's microbial community,a study was conducted using lettuce as the focus.The study employed potted cultivation to explore the best combination of urine and chemical fertilizer for optimal lettuce growth.The treatments were as CK(no fertilizer),T1(1.0 g urea+3.3 g monocalcium phosphate+0.9 g potassium sulfate),T2(0.235 gN equivalent of human urine+0.5 g urea+3.19 g monocalcium phosphate+0.75 g potassium sulfate),and T3(0.47 gN equivalent of human urine+3.05 g monocalcium phosphate+0.6 g potassium sulfate).The study also examined the effects of different ratios of urine and chemical fertilizer on soil's physical and chemical properties,soil microbial diversity,and soil microbial community structure.The results indicated that combining urine and chemical fertilizer could boost the weight and height of lettuce.At the T2 level,lettuce has the highest plant height and fresh weight,with a 25.01％and 138.89％increase in plant height compared to T1 and T3,respectively.The fresh weight increased by 48.81％and 67.79％compared to T1 and T3,respectively.Various soil proper-ties like total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N),soil organic matter(SOM),and electrical conductivity(EC)all showed improvements under different urine fertiliz-er ratios,with T3 demonstrating the most significant increases.Applying human urine and chemical fertilizer together was found to decrease the abundance of bacteria in the lettuce soil.This effect was more pronounced with higher proportions of urine application,particularly affecting the Proteobacteria phylum.Treatments T1 and T2 increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria by 27.54％and 6.68％respectively,while T3 reduced Proteobacteria abundance by 8.32％.In conclusion,com-bining urine and chemical fertilizer can enhance both lettuce quality and soil health.However,excessive use of urine can reduce the abundance of microorganisms in the soil.Under normal phosphorus and potassium fertilizer usage,the best ratio for application is 65 mL of urine combined with 0.5 g of urea(in a 1∶1 ratio based on nitrogen content).
human urinechemical fertilizerlettuce quality traitsbacterial community structure
万方数据
维普
