摘要
关于明代南京兵部造船业,学界以往研究主要集中于船只类型和船厂建置两方面,对于马、快船修造情况,关注尚少.通过结合《船政》《船政新书》《南枢志》等政书,考证出马、快船形制经历了趋同演变,从两年一修、一造十四修,逐渐改为三年一修、三等九修.遇到修差紊乱,南京兵部采用失修加等、欠修加料、预修扣银、越修减等的方法截长补短.造船所需木料按照单板法计价,由芜湖抽分厂计数派买.明代马、快船修造呈现出精细化管理的特点,反映了明代造船业在制度设计和统计技术上的进步.
Abstract
When investigating the shipbuilding department of the Nanjing Ministry of War during the Ming Dynasty,previous studies mainly focused on the types of ships and the construc-tion of shipyards.However,there was little research on the repair and building of Machuan(ships initially used to transport warhorses)and Kuaichuan(ships initially used to transport sup-plies and gear for troops).Through studying official records such as Chuanzheng,Chuanzheng Xinshu,Nanshuzhi,it is found that the management of Machuan and Kuaichuan had similar chan-ges.For example,the maintenance interval of both was extended from every two years to every three years.When the set plan was not followed,the Nanjing Military of War would reset the schedule by repairing all ships in one sitting according to the previous maintenance records follow-ing such rules:on the premise that a ship should be repaired for five times in ten years,if it lacked two repairs at least,the maintenance level would be upgraded;if it lacked only one,the planned maintenance level would be implemented with a higher budget;if it had been repaired for five times and the last time was one year ago,the planned maintenance level would remain un-changed but with a lower budget,but if two years ago or a longer interval,the maintenance level would be downgraded.The timber required for shipbuilding was priced according to a calculation method called Danban Fa and purchased by Wuhu branch of Dushuisi(a department under the Ministry of War)based on a mechanism abbreviated as Jishu Paimai.The maintenance and con-struction of Machuan and Kuaichuan showed a management system based on precise numbers,which reflected the progress of the shipbuilding industry in institutional design and statistics in Ming Dynasty.
关键词
马船/快船/修造规则/船料/单板法Key words
Machuan/Kuaichuan/Regulations of Ship Repair and Building/Materials of Shipbuilding/Danban Fa引用本文复制引用
出版年
2023
NETL
NSTL
维普
万方数据