明代南京静海寺风物暨创建年代辨析——以三宝太监郑和的事迹为中心
邵磊 1郦英南1
作者信息
摘要
南京静海寺是明初为纪念三宝太监郑和下西洋而敕造.静海寺旧时风物极盛,究其原委,莫不与郑和及其下西洋事迹有密切联系,但却大多经不起推敲,出 自后世附会的可能性甚大.关于静海寺的创建,历来多主明成祖永乐年之说,也有明仁宗洪熙年之说,但后者流传不广.郑和在宣德五年(1430)刊印《优婆塞戒经》的题记中,曾述及永乐二十二年(1424)十月十一 日印造《大藏尊经》施奉静海寺之事,其时明仁宗朱高炽已登基旬月.复据正德十四年(1519)南京礼部侍郎杨廉《静海寺重修记略》所述"仁宗皇帝敕建此寺,而因以名焉,盖以昭太宗皇帝圣德,广被薄海内外焉耳".不难想见静海寺的肇建应始于明成祖朱棣,值仁宗登基,静海寺的主体工程可能刚刚完工或接近完工,仁宗敕建此寺或谓敕赐寺额无非顺水人情,与他本人不赞成下西洋略无违碍.
Abstract
Jinghai Temple in Nanjing was constructed in the early Ming Dynasty as a memo-rial to Zheng He's voyages to the western seas.The temple was once famous for its antiquities re-lated to Zheng He,but upon closer inspection,many of these artifacts were likely the result of lat-er generations'misinterpretations.The exact date of the temple's construction is a matter of de-bate,with most people believing that it was built during the reign of Emperor Yongle,while some suggesting it was built during the reign of Emperor Hongxi.Zheng He himself had mentioned in the preface of a volume of The Sutra on Upasaka Precepts printed in 1430 that on the 11 th of the 10th lunar month in 1424,a volume of the Tripitaka was printed and offered to Jinghai Temple,when Zhu Gaochi had been Emperor Hongxi for over a month.Again,in 1519,Yang Lian,Libu Shilang(Vice Minister of Ministry of Rites)noted in Jinghaisi Chongxiu Jilue(A Brief Record a-bout Rebuilding Jinghai Temple)in Nanjing that"Emperor Hongxi ordered to have this temple built in praise of Emperor Yongle,whose mercy had blessed people at home and abroad".Thus,it can be inferred that it was during the reign of Emperor Yongle that people started to build the temple and when Hongxi became emperor,the main part of the temple was not completed yet.Emperor Hongxi ordered the building to be continued and even gave the temple a plaque with an aim,most probably,to win people's favor by following his predecessor's policy,despite his per-sonal disapproval of the voyages to the western seas.
关键词
静海寺/郑和/下西洋/大藏经Key words
Jinghai Temple/Zheng He/Voyages to the Western Seas/Tripitaka引用本文复制引用
出版年
2023
NETL
NSTL
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