首页|明清南澳岛海防区分界线的形成与变迁

明清南澳岛海防区分界线的形成与变迁

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明清时期,地处闽粤之交的南澳岛凭借优越的海洋军事地理区位,从海盗据点转变为海防要冲.明代南澳副总兵海防区横跨福建漳州、广东潮州二府,南澳岛海域主要由南澳游、柘林寨分防,陆域则由防倭中哨、福广二营分防.清代南澳镇下辖左右二营、澄海协、海门营、达濠营,仅左营归属福建,其余四营归属广东.本文详细考证出了南澳镇总兵海防区的内外边界,从中可以看出,镇级海防区与府级政区重合,但营级海防区则不受县级政区限制,镇营对于临近边界的岛屿"越界"管辖的巧妙设置,消除了镇营与相应州县共谋所带来的海防隐患.明清时期,南澳岛从外洋岛屿转变为海防区,最终转变为一个县级政区,是海洋国土由方外之地转变为教化之区的一个典型案例.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties,Nan'ao Island,located at the crossroads of Fujian and Guangdong,with its superior marine military geographical location,had been trans-formed from a pirate stronghold to a major coastal defence point in Fujian and Guangdong.In the Ming dynasty,the coastal defence area in the charge of the Nan'ao Fuzongbing,or Vice Regional Commander of Nan'ao,spanned both Zhangzhou in Fujian and Chaozhou in Guangdong.The wa-ters surrounding Nan'ao Island were mainly defended by Nan'ao You and Zhelin Zai,while the land was defended by Fangwo Zhongshao,a unit defending against pirates,and Fuzuo Ying and Guangyou Ying.In the Qing dynasty,the Nan'ao military town was garrisoned by five divisions,including the Zuo Ying and You Ying,Chenghai Xie,Haimen Ying and Dahao Ying.Among them,only Zuo Ying belonged to Fujian,and the other four belonged to Guangdong.(You,Zai,Ying,and Xie are all divisions of the military system in Ming and Qing dynasties.)This paper studies in detail the internal and external boundaries of the coastal defence area in the charge of Nan'ao Zongbing,or Regional Commander of Nan'ao Town.It can be seen that the town-level sea defence area boundary overlapped with the Fu-level or prefecture-level administrative delimi-tation,but the Ying-level sea defence zone was not restricted by the Xian or county-level admin-istrative area.The clever mechanism that allowed town-level defence unit to have jurisdiction over nearby isles beyond the administrative boundary helped to clear a hidden danger in coastal defence brought about by the collusion between officials of Ying and corresponding prefectures and coun-ties.During the Ming and Qing dynasties,Nan'ao Island was transformed from an offshore island into a maritime defence zone,and eventually into a county-level administrative area.This exem-plifies how land surrounded by water is turned from the wild into a civilized place.

Vice Regional Commander of Nan'aoNao'ao TownCoastal Defence Area

李智君、邬文斌

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厦门大学历史与文化遗产学院

南澳副总兵 南澳镇 海防区

国家社科基金重大项目

21&ZD222

2024

海交史研究
中国海外交通史研究会 泉州海外交通史博物馆

海交史研究

CSTPCDCHSSCD
影响因子:0.229
ISSN:1006-8384
年,卷(期):2024.(1)