Sulfate reducing anaerobic ammonium oxidation(S-Anammox)is a new biological treatment process that can simultaneously remove NH+and SO24-under anaerobic conditions,providing a new approach for simultaneous nitrogen and sulfur removal in wastewater.However,the mechanism of nitrogen and sulfur conversion,functional microorganisms and influencing factors were still unclear.This article reviewed the related equations,the potential functional microorganisms and functional genes,and the influencing factors on S-Anammox.The application analysis of S-Anammox process was formed,and different combined processes were proposed to provide reference for practical application.It was suggested to further deepen the research on the transformation mechanism of nitrogen and sulfur,reveal the functional microorganisms,reaction conditions and regulation principles,and provide theoretical and technical support for the engineering application of S-Anammox.