碳移除(carbon dioxide removal,CDR)技术是实现"双碳目标"和CO2负排放的重要手段之一,目前正处于发展阶段.本研究阐述了 CDR与二氧化碳捕集与封存(carbon capture and storage,CCS)技术的差异,以及CDR技术的类型和当前研究热点,并评估了各种CDR技术的移除潜力.结果表明:从长期来看,CDR技术更具可持续性,与CCS技术可以互为补充,在不同情境下发挥作用;当前CDR技术研究主要集中在增加陆地碳汇和人为捕集大气中的CO2,而对增加海洋碳汇的研究相对较少.根据对9项主流CDR技术在不同情境下的碳移除潜力、成本与碳价的关系分析发现:1)森林碳汇是我国碳移除的主要推手,碳价在前期普遍低于碳移除单位成本,这也使得直接空气捕集(direct air capture,DAC)和增强岩石风化技术在前期碳移除潜力较小;2)碳移除总成本都存在由正值逐渐变为负值的趋势,DAC技术随着应用时间推移,总成本逐渐降低,BECCS和增强岩石风化技术自应用开始就能带来一定收益;3)各项技术中单位碳移除成本最小的是草地碳汇,最高的为秸秆还田技术.
Analysis on the application status and future development potential of carbon removal technology in China
Carbon dioxide removal(CDR)technology is one of the essential means to achieve the"dual carbon goals"and negative CO2 emissions,which is currently in the development stage.This study aimed to elaborate the distinctions between CDR and carbon capture and storage(CCS)technologies,as well as the types and current research hotspots of CDR technology,and evaluated the emission reduction potential of various CDR technologies.The findings showed that,in the long run,CDR technology was more sustainable and could complement CCS technology,playing different roles in different scenarios.Research on CDR technology primarily focuses on increasing terrestrial carbon sinks and artificially capturing CO2 from the atmosphere,while research on increasing ocean carbon sinks was relatively limited.Based on the analysis of the CDR potential,cost and carbon price of nine major CDR technologies in different scenarios,it was found that:1)Forest carbon sequestration was the main driver of carbon removal in China,and the carbon price was generally lower than the unit cost of carbon removal in the early stage,which also made the potential of direct air capture(DAC)and enhanced rock weathering technologies in the early stage of carbon removal small.2)The total cost of carbon removal gradually changed from positive to negative,and the total cost of DAC technology gradually decreases with the application time,and enhanced rock weathering technology can bring certain benefits from the beginning of application.3)Among the technologies,the grassland carbon sink had the smallest unit carbon removal cost,and the straw returning technology had the highest value.
carbon dioxide removalnegative emissionscarbon sinkCCSdirect air capture
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
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